Preheat your oven to 375°F (190°C) and grease your 12-cup muffin tin or line with paper liners.
Mix dry ingredients: In a large bowl, whisk together the flour, baking soda, salt, and sugar.
Cut in the butter: Add the cold, cubed butter to the flour mixture. Use a pastry cutter, fork, or your fingers to rub the butter into the flour until the mixture resembles coarse crumbs.
Combine wet ingredients: In a medium bowl, whisk together the buttermilk and egg until smooth.
Mix wet and dry: Pour the wet ingredients into the dry ingredients. Stir gently with a wooden spoon or spatula until just combined. Don’t overmix; the dough should be a little sticky.
Add optional extras: Fold in raisins, caraway seeds, or orange zest if you’re using them.
Scoop into muffin tin: Divide the dough evenly among the 12 muffin cups.
Bake: Place in the oven and bake for 18 minutes, or until the tops are golden brown and a toothpick inserted into the center comes out clean.
Cool: Allow the muffins to cool for 5 minutes in the tin, then transfer to a wire rack to cool completely.
Serve: Enjoy warm with a pat of butter, a drizzle of honey, or just as they are!